Citations

Existing Citations

  • access : n. ~ The configuration of hardware components and their interfaces. [Archives] – n., The availability of records/archives for consultation as a result of both legal authorization and the existence of finding aids. [Archives] – n., The permission to locate and retrieve information for use (consultation or reference) within legally established restrictions of privacy, confidentiality, and security clearance. [Archives] – n., The ability to locate relevant information through the use of catalogues, indexes, finding aids, or other tools. [Archives] n., The notion that 'the public' or 'minority groups' should have access to the means of broadcasting to promote their 'voices' or opinions. [Arts] – n., The ability to locate, gain entry to, and use something, such as a building or a database. [Arts] – n., A device or method whereby a document may be found; Permission and opportunity to use a document; The approach to any means to storing information, e.g. index, bibliography, catalogue, computer terminal. [Computer and Information Sciences] – n., The physical processes of retrieving information from storage media. [Computer and Information Sciences] – n., To gain entry to data, a computer system, etc. In the US, to access strictly means to instruct, communicate with, store data in, retrieve data from, or otherwise obtain the ability to use the resources of a computer or any part thereof. [Computer and Information Sciences] – n., The reading or writing of data, with the connotation that the content of the reading or writing is taken into account. The word is most commonly used in connection with filed information and is often qualified by an indication as to the types of access that are to be permitted. For example, read-only access means that the contents of the file may be read but not altered or erased. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†190)
  • accountability : n. ~ The ability to answer for, explain, or justify actions or decisions for which an individual, organization, or system is responsible. [Archives] – n., The determination and measure of responsibility and liability to another. [Arts] – n., The extent to which persons in government and the workplace are held answerable for their conduct in office and for the quality of their performance of assigned duties, particularly when incompetence, dereliction, or malfeasance is at issue. See also: performance evaluation. [Computer and Information Sciences] – n., The obligation to answer or answer for discharge of duties or conduct. [General Dictionaries] – n., Principle that individuals, organizations, and the community are responsible for their actions and may be required to explain them to others. [General Dictionaries] (†191)
  • accuracy : n. ~ The closeness of an estimate to the true value. Compare PRECISION. [Sciences] – n., Accuracy refers to the truthfulness of the content of the record and can only be established through content analysis. [Archives] – n., An accurate performance is a performance that reproduces all that is constitutive of the work's individuality. [Arts] – n., The quality of correctness as to fact and of precision as to detail in information resources and in the delivery of information services. [Computer and Information Sciences] – n., How close to the real value a measurement is. [Computer and Information Sciences] – n., An accurate record is one that contains correct, precise and exact information. [General Dictionaries] – v., Freedom from mistake or error: correctness, conforming to an approved or conventional standard, conforming to or agreeing with fact, logic, or known truth, conforming to a set figure. [General Dictionaries] – n., Conformity to truth or to a standard or model: exhibiting or marked by strict, particular, and complete accordance with fact or a standard; marked by thorough consideration or minute measurement of small factual details. [General Dictionaries] (†192)
  • archives : n. ~ 1. The building (or portion thereof) housing archival collections. – 2. The division within an organization responsible for maintaining the organization's records of enduring value. – 3. Non-current records preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors in function for their own use or by an appropriate archives because of their archival value. – 4. The whole of the records of a creator. – 5. (also: archival fonds) The whole of the records created by an agency and preserved. – 6. The documents created or received and accumulated by a person or organization in the course of the conduct of affairs, and preserved because of their continuing value. Historically, the term referred more narrowly to the noncurrent records – 7. Inactive records of an organization or institution preserved because of their on going value. – 8. An organization which collects the archives of individuals, families, or other organizations; a collecting repository. – 9. The agency or program responsible for selecting, acquiring, preserving, and making available archival materials; also referred to as an archival agency, archival institution or archival program. – 10. An agency or institution responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and communication of archives selected for permanent preservation. – 11. Rooms or sets of rooms for the systematic maintenance and storage of records and documents. – 12. Archival documents contain accurate and detailed information relevant to many aspects of musical scholarship: to biography, chronology, history of institutions and societies, the place and function of musicians in society, performing practice (in the fullest sense of that phrase) and many others. They yield the kind of information that primarily musical manuscripts and printed sources cannot provide. (†193)
  • audit (s.v. "audit trail"): Documentation of all the interactions with records within an electronic system in which any access to the system is recorded as it occurs. (†880)
  • authenticity : n. ~ 1. The concept of authenticity is defined as “the quality of being authentic, or entitled to acceptance”. – 2. Established by assessing the identity and the integrity of the record. It must be possible to ascertain at all times what a record is, when it was created, by whom, what action or matter it participated in, and what its juridical/administrative, cultural, and documentary contexts were. It must also be possible to ascertain the wholeness and soundness of the record: whether it is intact or, if not, what is missing. – 3. The judgment that something is genuine, based on internal and external evidence, including its physical characteristics, structure, content, and context. n., The quality of being authentic, or entitled to acceptance. As being authoritative or duly authorized, as being what it professes in origin or authorship, as being genuine. – 4. The quality of a document of having the character and authority of the original. – 5. In Jenkinson’s formulation, the quality of archives deriving from their being preserved in the continuous custody and for the information of their creator and its legitimate successors. – 6. The quality of archival documents to bear authentic testimony of the actions, processes, and procedures which brought them into being. – 7. Requires that the scene has not been tampered with. [photography] [Arts] – 8. Whether the image had a verifiable provenance that could establish its authenticity. [Arts] – 9. The trustworthiness of a digital entity, to its being what it professes to be, as regards its identity, origin, history, authorship, integrity, and/or the accuracy with which it documents an original work. [Arts] – 10. The most common use refers to classes of performance that might synonymously be termed 'historically informed' or, 'historically aware, 'or employing 'period' or 'original' instruments and techniques. [Arts] – 11. So the claim of authenticity was based on identification of a photographer a time and place of exposure and a chain of transmission. [Arts] – 12. The term 'authenticity' can also be applied, as in the popular art world, to works that are proved to be genuine, demonstrated by the work of a particular composer. [Arts] – 13. An authentic performance is (at least) an accurate performance of a work. [Arts] – 14. The quality of being genuine or original. [Arts] – 15. The presence of the original is the prerequisite to the concept of authenticity. [Arts] – 16. The nature of the link between a composer and a work that bears his or her name. [A version of music is authentic] in terms the nature of the link between a composer and a work that bears his or her name. [A version of music is authentic] in terms of scoring, number of movements [and is] the authentic musical text with respect to pitches, rhythm, and the like as the composer wrote it. [Arts] – 17. Authenticity and genuineness of photographs examine the photograph as a physical object and a visual image. It is here that the diplomatic notion of authenticity is useful, because it requires that we analyze the photograph in terms of its physical composition, the correspondence between the image and reality it depicts, and the relationship between the image and its label in order to understand the functional context in which the photographic image is transformed into a photographic document. [Arts] – 18. The term ‘authenticity’ has been used in several senses relating to music. The most common use refers to classes of performance that might synonymously be termed ‘historically informed’ or ‘historically aware’, or employing ‘period’ or ‘original’ instruments and techniques. [Arts] – 19. Authenticity in transcription is a relation notion that operates within the gap between transcriptions that are barely recognizable as such and transcriptions that preserve the musical content of the original work as fully as is consistent with respecting the characteristics of the medium for which the transcriptions is written. [Arts] – 20. The authenticity of a photographic print should be based on certification by the photographer. Even if two prints were virtually (or even actually)indistinguishable, only the one certified by the photographer would count as genuine or authentic. [Arts] – 21. The quality in a thing of being what it is claimed to be (valid, real, genuine, etc.), verified in archives and special collections through an investigative process known as authentication, essential in appraising the value of an item. See also: forgery. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†194)
  • chain of preservation : n. ~ The succession of offices or persons who held materials from the moment it was created. [Archives] n., The processes of creation, maintenance and use, disposition and preservation of records [MG]. A system of controls that extends over the entire lifecycle of records and ensures their identity and integrity in any action that affects the way the records are represented in storage or presented for use [GL]. [Archives] (†195)
  • chain of preservation (s.v. chain of preservation): n., A system of controls that extends over the entire lifecycle of records in order to ensure their identity and integrity over time. [Archives] n., The succession of offices or persons who held materials from the moment it was created. [Archives] n., The processes of creation, maintenance and use, disposition and preservation of records [MG]. A system of controls that extends over the entire lifecycle of records and ensures their identity and integrity in any action that affects the way the records are represented in storage or presented for use [GL]. [Archives] (†1339)
  • competence : n. ~ The ability to carry out a task or practice a skill; competence should be capable of evaluation and should be transferable between trainers and trainees. Core competencies are the central skills of a particular group of jobs. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., (of witnesses) The legal capacity of a person to be a witness. [Government] n., The mandate and authority given to an office or person to accomplish something. [General Dictionaries] n., Having the basic qualifications to perform a function. [General Dictionaries] (†196)
  • competence (s.v. competence): n., A sphere of functional responsibility entrusted to a physical or juridical person. [General Dictionaries] n., The ability to carry out a task or practice a skill; competence should be capable of evaluation and should be transferable between trainers and trainees. Core competencies are the central skills of a particular group of jobs. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., (of witnesses) The legal capacity of a person to be a witness. [Government] n., The mandate and authority given to an office or person to accomplish something. [General Dictionaries] n., Having the basic qualifications to perform a function. [General Dictionaries] (†1337)
  • completeness (s.v. completeness): n., The characteristic of a record that refers to the presence within it of all the elements required by the creator and the juridical system for it to be capable of generating consequences. With primitiveness and effectiveness, a quality presented by an original record. [Archives] n., The characteristic of records that present all the elements of physical form and intellectual form required by the agency and the juridical system. [Archives] n., The property or state of being logically or mathematically complete. In logic, an inference procedure is complete if it can derive every possible valid conclusion from the given axioms. A knowledge-based system can be considered incomplete if missing data hinders its operation or corrupts the results. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The property of having every necessary step concluded with nothing wanting. [General Dictionaries] n., The property of having all physical and intellectual components required by the process or laws regulating the system that created the record. [General Dictionaries] (†1336)
  • compliance (s.v. compliant): v., Ensuring that the requirements of laws, regulations, industry codes and organizational standards are met. [Archives] (†1335)
  • context : n. ~ The position of an archaeological find in time and space, established by measuring and assessing its associations, matrix, and provenance. The assessment includes the study of what has happened to the find since it was buried in the ground. [Sciences] n., The physical and cultural circumstances surrounding the deposition of archaeological material and the formation of archaeological deposits. [Sciences] n., The circumstances that a user may bring to a document that influences that user’s understanding of the document. [Archives] n., The organization functional and operational circumstances in which documents are created and/or received and used.[Archives] (†197)
  • context (s.v. context): n., The framework in which a record is created, used, and maintained. [Archives] n., The position of an archaeological find in time and space, established by measuring and assessing its associations, matrix, and provenance. The assessment includes the study of what has happened to the find since it was buried in the ground. [Sciences] n., The physical and cultural circumstances surrounding the deposition of archaeological material and the formation of archaeological deposits. [Sciences] n., The circumstances that a user may bring to a document that influences that user’s understanding of the document. [Archives] n., The organization functional and operational circumstances in which documents are created and/or received and used. [Archives] n., The framework in which the action in which the record participates takes place. The types of context included., The framework in which the action in which the record participates takes place. The types of context include juridical-administrative context, provenancial context, procedural context, documentary context, and technological context. [Archives] n., The framework of action in which the record participates. [Archives] n., In a grammar it refers to the symbols before and after the symbol under consideration. If the syntax of a symbol is independent of its context, the grammar is said to be context-free. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†1328)
  • copy (s.v. copy): n., The duplicate of an object, resulting from a reproduction process. Syn.: duplicate. [General Dictionaries] n., A copy is the result of a reproduction process. A copy can be made from an original or from a copy of either an original or another copy. [Archives] n., An entity that is generated from and resembles a record. [Archives] v., To make a reproduction of a record in any state of transmission for business purposes. [Archives] n., A duplication of the text of an original document prepared simultaneously or separately, usually identified by function or by method of creation. [Archives] n., Reproduction, duplicate or replica. [Arts] n., [copies] Specific specimens of a given written or printed work; may be issued in multiples as an edition. [Arts] n., [copies] Refers to objects derived from or made to resemble original existing objects. Implies less precise and faithful imitation than does the term "reproductions." When copies are presented with intent to deceive, use "forgeries" or "counterfeits." When more than one similar work is produced by the same maker, use "replicas" or "versions." [Arts] v., Non-fraudulent manual repetition of another work of art. The non-fraudulent copy may be divided into three distinct but not necessarily mutually exclusive categories: the copy as a means of duplication; the copy in art education; and the copy as a starting-point for the creation of another art work (often called "artists' copies" to distinguish the genre from the essentially utilitarian function of the first two categories). [Arts] v., To reproduce or duplicate something. [Arts] v., To produce a replica of some stored information in a different part of the store or on a different storage device. For example, a piece of text or graphical information can be copied by marking it in some way, reading it into a temporary storage area, and writing it into a new location (compare cut). [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Something that is identical to something else; a facsimile. [General Dictionaries] (†1327)
  • custody (s.v. custody): n., The basic responsibility for guardianship of records/archives based upon their physical possession but not necessarily implying legal title. [Archives] n., The care and control of a thing or person for inspection, preservation, or security. [Government] (†1326)
  • data (s.v. data): n., The smallest meaningful units of information. [Archives] n., Relevant observations made on artifacts serving as the basis for study and discussion. [Sciences] n., Facts or instructions represented in a formalized manner, suitable for transmission, interpretation or processing manually or automatically. [Archives] n., The symbolic representation of facts or ideas, especially when in the form in which it was originally collected and is unanalyzed. [Archives] n., Information, in any form, on which computer programs operate. The distinction between program (instructions) and data is a fundamental one in computing (see von Neumann machine). It is in this fundamental sense that the word is used in terms such as data, data break, data bus, data cartridge, data communications, data compression, data name, data protection, data subject, and data type. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Numbers, characters, images, or other method of recording, in a form which can be assessed by a human or (especially) input into a computer, stored and processed there, or transmitted on some digital channel. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Technically, raw facts and figures, such as orders and payments, which are processed into information, such as balance and due and quantity on hand. However, in common usage, the terms data and information are used synonymously. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Any form of information whether in paper or electronic form. In electronic form, data refers to the files and databases, text documents, images and digitally-encoded voice and video. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A general term for information; particularly used for information stored in a database. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Data is distinguished from other contrasting forms of information on which computers operate, such as text, graphics, speech, and image. The distinguishing characteristic is that it is organized in a structured, repetitive, and often compressed way. Typically the structure takes the form of sets of fields, where the field names are omitted (this omission being a main means of achieving compression). The “meaning” of such data is not apparent to anyone who does not know what each field signifies (for example, only a very limited meaning can be attached to “1234” unless you know that it occupies the “employee number” field). That characteristic gives rise to the popular fallacy that “data is meaningless”. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Numbers, characters, images or other methods of recording that represent values that can be stored, processed, and transmitted by electronic systems. [General Dictionaries] (†1325)
  • digital object (s.v. digital object): n., A discrete aggregation of one or more bitstreams and the metadata about the properties of the object and, if applicable, methods of performing operations on the object. [General Dictionaries] n., In the technical sense, a type of data structure consisting of digital content, a unique identifier for the content (called a "handle"), and other data about the content, for example, rights metadata. See also: digital asset management and Digital Object Identifier [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A unit of digital information that includes properties of the object and may also include methods of performing operations on the object. [General Dictionaries] (†1319)
  • digital preservation (s.v. digital preservation): v., The specific process of maintaining digital materials during and across different generations of technology over time, irrespective where they reside. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†1318)
  • disposition (s.v. disposition): n., [archives] Records’ final destruction or transfer to an archives as determined by their appraisal. [Archives] n., [diplomatics] An intrinsic element of documentary form that comprises the core of the text of a document narrating the expression of the will of the author and the action of the record. [Archives] n., The actions taken with regard to non-current records following their appraisal and the expiration of their retention periods as provided for by legislation, regulation or administrative procedure. [Archives] n., The destination of archival documents as determined by their appraisal. [Archives] n., [records schedules] Documents describing the recurring records of an organization or administrative unit, specifying those records to be preserved as having archival value, and authorizing, on a continuing basis and after the lapse of specified retention periods and the occurrence of specified actions or events, the destruction of the remaining records. [Arts] n., The arrangement of different stops or registers among the keyboards or divisions of a harpsichord or organ. For example, a single unison register of a harpsichord is usually designated as 1 × 8'; an octave higher (the four foot) as 1 × 4'. A three-register harpsichord with two unisons and an octave would be designated 2 × 8', 1 × 4'. [Arts] n., The action taken after the appraisal of non-current documents. This may include transfer to a records center or archive depository for temporary or permanent storage, reproduction on microfilm, or destruction. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The act of transferring something to another's care or possession, esp. by deed or will; the relinquishing of property. [Government] n., Disposal; disposition. Both mean generally "a getting rid of," but "disposal" has more often to do with trash or inconsequential items, whereas "disposition" is used of assets given to relatives and friends by will. "Disposition" connotes a preconceived plan and an orderly arrangement. "Disposal," by contrast, bears derogatory connotations--more so in AmE than in BrE. [Government] (†1317)
  • document (s.v. document): n., An indivisible unit of information constituted by a message affixed to a medium (recorded) in a stable syntactic manner. A document has fixed form and stable content. [Archives] n., Recorded information or object which can be treated as a unit. [Archives] n., Recorded information regardless of medium or characteristics. [Archives] n., A combination of a medium and the information recorded on or in it, which may be used as evidence or for consultation. [Archives] n., A single archival, record or manuscript item. Usually physically indivisible. [Archives] n., Information that has been fixed in written form. [Archives] n., Refers especially to recorded information regardless of medium or characteristics, whether created specifically as records of information or used as such at some time subsequent to their creation. In its broadest sense, however, can include any item amenable to cataloging and indexing, that is, not only written and printed materials in paper or microform versions but also nonprint media and, in some circumstances, three-dimensional objects or realia. [Arts] n., A single record or item. Examples include: a sheet of paper with writing; an E-Mail message; a film with images; a magnetic tape with a sound recording. [Arts] n., A single component or entity in a set of archival materials, usually a physically indivisible object. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Any specific type of file produced or edited by a specific application; usually capable of being printed. E.g. "Word document", "Photoshop document", etc. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A generic term for a physical entity consisting of any substance on which is recorded all or a portion of one or more works for the purpose of conveying or preserving knowledge. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A piece of text considered to be a single item and usually stored as a file. The document might be a letter, a report, a chapter, etc. It will usually have a unique name, and may have other attributes attached to it, such as a brief description of what it contains and who composed it. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Something that records or transmits information, typically in writing on paper. For the purposes of providing evidence to a court, documents include books, maps, plans, drawings, photographs, graphs, discs, tapes, soundtracks, and films. [Government] n., A unit of data or information, especially written or textual, that has been compiled and formatted for a specific purpose that includes content and structure, and may include context. [General Dictionaries] (†1316)
  • e-government (s.v. e-government): n., The use of information technologies, especially the Internet to improve government services for and interactions with citizens (G2C) , businesses and industry (G2B), and different division of government (G2G) by simplifying processes, and by integrating and eliminating redundant systems. [General Dictionaries] n., Services on the net, that are customer (citizen/business) oriented and not service provider oriented. It is service delivery independent of place and time. And it is hopefully a single interface to government. [General Dictionaries] n., The delivery of information and services online through the Internet or other digital means. [General Dictionaries] n., Cross government co-operation. Data should be a shared resource. [General Dictionaries] n., Services based on Internet technologies. This involves IP networking, WWW technologies and standard browsers for easy and flexible access to information and to interactive services. [General Dictionaries] n., Government use of the web to enhance information access and service delivery to citizens, businesses and other government customers. [General Dictionaries] (†1315)
  • encryption : n. ~ The process of encoding plaintext into ciphertext so that it can be read only by those who know the cipher to unscramble the message. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The mechanism of coding data transmitted by various telecommunications systems so that only authorized users may have access to it. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Any procedure used in cryptography to convert plaintext into ciphertext (encrypted message) in order to prevent any but the intended recipient from reading that data. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†198)
  • encryption (s.v. encryption): n., The conversion of data into a secret code (or of plaintext into ciphertext) for transmission over a public network. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The process of encoding plaintext into ciphertext so that it can be read only by those who know the cipher to unscramble the message. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The mechanism of coding data transmitted by various telecommunications systems so that only authorized users may have access to it. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Any procedure used in cryptography to convert plaintext into ciphertext (encrypted message) in order to prevent any but the intended recipient from reading that data. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†1314)
  • entity (s.v. entity): n., A real or abstract thing. [Archives] n., In Geographic Information Systems, a thing that exists such as a building or a lake, which is distinguishable from another entity, cannot be divided into two or more similar entities, and about which information can be stored, possibly in terms of attributes, position, shape, and relationships. An entity class is a specified group of entities. [Sciences] n., In programming, any item, such as a data item or statement, that can be named or denoted in a program. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†1308)
  • fonds : n. ~ The whole of the records created (meaning made or received and set aside for action or reference) by a physical or juridical person in the course of carrying out its activities. [Archives] n., The whole of the records of a creator. [Archives] n., The whole of the records created by an agency and preserved. Alias: archives. [Archives] n., The whole of the documents, regardless of form or medium, organically created and/or accumulated and used by a particular person, family, or corporate body in the conduct of personal or corporate activity. [Archives] n., The whole of the documents that every organization or physical or juridical person accumulates by reason of its function of activity. [Archives] n., The total body of records/archives accumulated by a particular individual, institution or organization in the exercise of its activities and its functions. [Archives] n., Use to designate the documents created or accumulated and used by a particular individual, organization, or other entity that are kept together within a larger collection. [Arts] (†199)
  • fonds (s.v. fonds): n., The whole of the records that a physical or juridical person accumulates by reason of its function or activity; the highest-level archival aggregation. Syn.: archives [records]; archival fonds. [Archives] n., The whole of the records created (meaning made or received and set aside for action or reference) by a physical or juridical person in the course of carrying out its activities. [Archives] n., The whole of the records of a creator. [Archives] n., The whole of the records created by an agency and preserved. Alias: archives. [Archives] n., The whole of the documents, regardless of form or medium, organically created and/or accumulated and used by a particular person, family, or corporate body in the conduct of personal or corporate activity. [Archives] n., The whole of the documents that every organization or physical or juridical person accumulates by reason of its function of activity. [Archives] n., The total body of records/archives accumulated by a particular individual, institution or organization in the exercise of its activities and its functions. [Archives] n., Use to designate the documents created or accumulated and used by a particular individual, organization, or other entity that are kept together within a larger collection. [Arts] (†1306)
  • form (s.v. form): n., Rules of representation that determine the appearance of an entity and convey its meaning. [General Dictionaries] n., The physical characteristics–size, shape, composition, etc.–of any archaeological find. Form is an essential part of attribute analysis. [Sciences] n., A document, printed or otherwise produced, with predesignated spaces for the recording of specified information. [Archives] n., All the characteristics of a record determined by the application of the rules of representation of content typical of a given environment. Form breaks down into physical form, the characteristics of the external appearance of the record; and intellectual form, the characteristics of the internal composition of the record. [Archives] n., A document intended to serve as a model. [Archives] n., The structure and design of a composition. [Arts] n., Term applied to such aspects of a work of art as internal organization and shape, often used with some degree of distinction from the subject-matter, content, function and style of works of art. [Arts] n., Used with reference to works of art and architecture to mean the arrangement of visual elements such as line, mass, shape, or color. [Arts] n., A classification term applied to the manner in which the text of a book is arranged, as a dictionary, or the literary form in which it is written, as drama, poetry, etc. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The data structure within a computer system representing the final result to be printed or displayed. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., A page of printer media. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†1307)
  • hearsay (s.v. hearsay rule): n., A legal provision excluding testimony that is based on second-hand, rather than personal, knowledge (hearsay). [Archives] n., A statement, other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted. [Government] n., The rule that no assertion offered as testimony can be received unless it is or has been open to test by cross-examination or an opportunity for cross-examination, except as provided otherwise by the rules of evidence, by court rules, or by statute. [Government] (†1305)
  • identifier (s.v. identifier): n., Terms, such as acronyms, projects, proper names of persons, geographical locations, the number of a patent's specification or of a national standard, or any part or a bibliographical description, test names, and trade names which provide subject indexing, in addition to descriptors. [Computer and Information Sciences] (†1300)
  • identity : n. ~ The definition and status of individuals and groups in the past. Such studies include the recognition of gender, rank, status, or place within society at the individual level, but may also look more widely at the relationships between contemporary cultures and the extent to which material culture is used to signal differences between social groups. [Sciences] n., The way in which archaeological remains are widely used in order to promote and support particular views of contemporary personal, local, regional, and national identity, especially through the application of ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, the deployment of public funds, and state legislation. In this sense archaeology is an extremely powerful political tool, and has been for many generations. [Sciences] n., The characteristics determining the individuality of a being or entity; in the constitution of national identities these characteristics may be fostered by myths. [Sciences] n., Those characteristics or conditions of a thing, person, or group that remain the same amid change or that distinguish a thing, person, or group from another. [Arts] n., [Evidence]. The authenticity of a person or thing. [Government] (†200)
  • identity (s.v. identity): n., The whole of the characteristics of a document or a record that uniquely identify it and distinguish it from any other document or record. With integrity, a component of authenticity. [Archives] n., The definition and status of individuals and groups in the past. Such studies include the recognition of gender, rank, status, or place within society at the individual level, but may also look more widely at the relationships between contemporary cultures and the extent to which material culture is used to signal differences between social groups. [Sciences] n., The way in which archaeological remains are widely used in order to promote and support particular views of contemporary personal, local, regional, and national identity, especially through the application of ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, the deployment of public funds, and state legislation. In this sense archaeology is an extremely powerful political tool, and has been for many generations. [Sciences] n., The characteristics determining the individuality of a being or entity; in the constitution of national identities these characteristics may be fostered by myths. [Sciences] n., Those characteristics or conditions of a thing, person, or group that remain the same amid change or that distinguish a thing, person, or group from another. [Arts] n., [Evidence]. The authenticity of a person or thing. [Government] (†1301)
  • information (s.v. information): n., An assemblage of data intended for communication either through space or across time. [Archives] n., Recorded data. [Archives] n., An accusation exhibited against a person for some criminal offense, without indictment. [Archives] n., A message or knowledge which has been voluntarily or involuntarily conveyed. [Archives] n., An aggregate of data meant for communication. [Archives] n., Recorded data. Examples include: writing on a sheet of paper; the dyes on a photographic still; the sound in the grooves of a disc; the binary digits forming an E-Mail message. [Arts] n., Data presented in readily comprehensible form to which meaning has been attributed within the context of its use. In a more dynamic sense, the message conveyed by the use of a medium of communication or expression. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., All ideas, facts, and imaginative works of the mind which have been communicated, recorded, published and/or distributed formally or informally in any format. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., An assemblage of data in a comprehensible form capable of communication. [General Dictionaries] n., Knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance. [General Dictionaries] n., Knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction. [General Dictionaries] (†1299)
  • integrity : n. ~ The integrity of a record refers to its wholeness and soundness: a record has integrity when it is complete and uncorrupted in all its essential respects. [Archives] n., The preservation of programs and data for their intended purpose. [Arts] n., A digital entity has integrity when it is whole and sound or when it is complete and uncorrupted in all its essential respects. [Arts] n., The accuracy and completeness of data, particularly after it has undergone transmission from one system to another. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Resistance to alteration by system errors. A user who files data expects that the contents of the files will not be changed by system errors in either hardware or software. Since such errors inevitably will occur from time to time, the prudent system manager maintains a system of protective dumps, organized in such a way that there always exists a valid copy of a recent version of every file on the system. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Integrity refers to the protection of information from unauthorized access or revision. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The quality of being whole and unaltered through loss, tampering, or corruption. [General Dictionaries] (†201)
  • metadata : n. ~ Data describing data and data systems; that is the structure of databases, their characteristics, location and usage. [Archives] n., Structured or semi-structured information which enables the creation, management and use of records through time and within and across domains in which they are created. [Archives] n., Data describing context, content and structure of records and their management through time. [Archives] n., Information about a publication as opposed to the content of the publication; includes not only bibliographic description but also other relevant information such as its subject, price, conditions of use, etc. [Arts] n., Data about data. In data processing, meta-data is definitional data that provides information about or documentation of other data managed within an application or environment. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., Data describing or documenting the management, nature, or use of information resources. [General Dictionaries] n., Data associated with either an information system or an information object for purposes of description, (†202)
  • provenance (s.v. "provenance"): n., The relationships between records and the organizations or individuals that created, accumulated and/or maintained and used them in the conduct of personal or corporate activity. [Archives] (†408)
  • reliability (record) : n. ~ The records ability to serve as reliable evidence. [Archives] n., An attribute of any system that consistently produces the same results, preferably meeting or exceeding its specifications. The term may be qualified, e.g., software reliability, reliable communication. [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The ability of a computer system to perform its required functions for a given period of time. It is often quoted in terms of percentage of uptime, but may be more usefully expressed as MTBF (mean time between failures). [Computer and Information Sciences] n., The quality of being sufficiently accurate and authentic to serve as the basis for a decision or action; worthy of trust. [General Dictionaries] (†203)