D’Agostino, M. , Schwester, R. , Carrizales, T. , and Melitski, J. "A study of e-government and e-governance: An empirical examination of municipal websites." Public Administration Quarterly 35, no.1 (2011): 3-25.
e-governance (4 ): “In contrast, e-governance assumes an interactive dynamic between government elites and citizenry.”
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e-governance (9):
“A second function of government’s use of technology is e-governance…
deals with changing the manner by which governments interact democratically with citizens. The emphasis is on fostering transparency and participation.”
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e-governance (p. 3): Public sector websites have sought to go beyond the static dissemination of contact information. The use of technology by government has two distinct functions. These two functions of the government technology relationship are distinctly identified as e-government and e-governance. E-government focuses on government services that are electronically provided to citizens. In contrast, e-governance assumes an interactive dynamic between government elites and the citizenry. This paper therefore examines the extent to which the 20 most populous cities in the U.S. are adopting e-government and e-governance applications
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e-government (p. 4): Early e-government researchers describe the development of government websites as a series of stages . . . a process that began when agencies developed websites and began populating Internet sites with information. After mastering the provision of content online, government units moved toward processing online transactions; presumably mimicking the private sector's focus on e-commerce. Upon mastering transaction processing, agencies moved across a continuum and engaged citizens online in a participatory framework.
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